From professional strategists

Strategic frameworks.
Foundation of success.

A library of strategic frameworks for better structured thinking.

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Strategic frameworks

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Basics
Set A
Set B
Overlap

Venn diagram

Show similarities and differences between two or more sets.

Basics
1
Skills
2
Knowledge
3
Attitude

The Triangle

Three related but distinct items in one powerful triad.

Basics
VisionStrategyAction plan

The Pyramid

Hierarchy from foundation to peak — priorities, layering and sequential build-up of an idea.

Basics
CORE1Essence2Sentiment3Comms topics

The Onion

Concentric circles radiating from a core — layering brand essence, messages or audience groups.

Basics
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Question Mark
2
Star
3
Dog
4
Cash Cow

2×2 Matrix

Two axes, four quadrants, clear categories.

Strategy
1
Where are we?
2
Why are we here?
3
Where could we be?
4
How can we get there?
5
Are we getting there?

Planning Cycle

Five strategy questions to ask yourself on repeat.

Brand building
CORE1Why — Purpose2How3What4Activation & Measures

Brand Purpose / Golden Circle

Start with why. Authenticity starts at purpose.

Brand building
BrandIdeaPositioningPersonality + ValuesReasons to Believe

Brand Identity

The brand's promise to customers — a consistent set of associations.

Brand building
ResonanceJudgements / FeelingsPerformance / ImagerySalience

Brand Resonance Model (CBBE)

From awareness to loyalty in four stages.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Brand building
AdvocacyLoyaltyPreferenceRelevanceAwareness

Brand Equity Pyramid

How many people know, want and recommend the brand.

Brand building
Advocacy
Loyalty
Choice
Relevance
Awareness
PIVOTBROAD ↑BROAD ↓

Brand Equity Sandglass

Pyramid inverted — narrowing path, widening advocacy.

Brand building
VISION
Brand Essence
1
Positioning
2
Personality
3
Values
4
Messaging
FOUNDATIONReasons to believe

Brand House

Roof, pillars, foundation — the entire brand in one image.

Strategy
5Self-actualizationAspiration & meaning4EsteemStatus & personal br…3BelongingCommunity, relations…2SafetyTrust, certainty, qu…1PhysiologicalFunction, performanc…

Model of Needs

Which human needs does your brand serve?

Brand building
1
Purpose
2
Positioning
3
Personality

Brand Strategy Triangle

The three Ps that hold brand strategy together.

Strategy
Company
Customer
Competitors

3C Model

Strategy lives where company, customer and competitors meet.

Brand building
1
Awareness
2
Brand Equity
3
Affirmation

Brand Equity Index

Three indicators of brand strength by Nielsen.

Brand building
BondingAdvantagePerformanceRelevancePresence

Brand Dynamics Pyramid

Customer journey from presence to bonding with the brand.

Brand building
LoyaltyUsageConsiderationFamiliarityAwareness

Brand Health Pyramid

Brand vitals across five layers.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Brand building
VISION
Vision
1
Mission
2
Values
3
Competences
4
Personality
FOUNDATIONPositioning

Brand Platform

The strategic foundation a brand stands on.

Strategy
SStrengthsHELPFULWWeaknessesHARMFULOOpportunitiesHELPFULTThreatsHARMFULINTERNALEXTERNALPOSITIVENEGATIVE

SWOT Analysis

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats — on a single sheet.

Brand building
CORE1Core / Essence2Functional benefits3Emotional benefits4Brand personality

Brand Core

The brand's core surrounded by what the customer feels and gets.

Brand building
CLUSTER 1Functional valuesEmotional valuesCLUSTER 2Social valuesSymbolic values

Brand Value Clusters

Values the brand delivers — across four clusters.

Brand building
ESSENCE ↑ROOTS ↓9
Essence
8
Discriminator
7
Reasons to Believe
6
Values & Personality
5
Benefits
4
Insight
3
Target
2
Competitive Environment
1
Root Strengths

Brand Key

Nine fields, one positioning — a Unilever classic.

Strategy
1
Category audit
2
Competitor audit
3
Internal audit
4
Communications audit
5
Customer audit
6
Culture audit

Brand audit checklist

Six lenses every brand should be examined through.

Funnels
1Awareness2Interest3Consideration4Purchase5Advocacy

Marketing Funnel

From awareness to repeat purchase.

Funnels
1Attention2Interest3Desire4Action

Attention Funnel

AIDA — the oldest advertising model.

Funnels
1Awareness2Familiarity3Consideration4Purchase5Loyalty

Purchase Funnel

The buying journey from awareness to loyalty.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Rebranding
1
Stakeholder interviews
2
Brand & culture audit
3
Competitive benchmark
4
Customer research
5
Trend & category scan

Rebranding — research

Before changing, understand what you have.

Rebranding
1
Positioning
2
Brand story
3
Identity
4
Comms platform
5
Rollout plan

Rebranding — strategy

Phase two — define the new 'what' and 'how'.

Rebranding
1
Internal launch
2
External launch
3
Brand guidelines
4
Impact measurement
5
Iteration

Rebranding — conclusions

Phase three — launch, document, measure.

Brand building
1
Conducting Research
2
Clarifying Strategy
3
Designing Identity
4
Creating Touchpoints
5
Managing Assets

Brand Identity (Wheeler)

Five phases of identity creation by Alina Wheeler.

Brand building
01For whom02What03Why04Against whom05With what proof

Brand Positioning Statement

One sentence defining the brand's place on the market.

Brand experience
1
Company
2
Employees
3
Customers

Service Branding Triangle

A service brand lives in three relationships — sustain all three.

Strategy
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Low relevance
2
High relevance
3
Low differentiation
4
High differentiation

Brand Differentiation Analysis

Being relevant isn't the same as being different.

Strategy
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Global
2
Glocal
3
Multilocal
4
Local

Global Brand spectrum

How centralized should a brand be across markets.

Brand building
CORE1Brand Loyalty2Perceived Quality3Brand Associations4Brand Awareness5Proprietary Assets

Brand Equity

Five sources of brand value per D. Aaker.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Brand experience
Behavioral
Sensory
Emotional
Intellectual

Brand Experience

Customers experience a brand in four ways at once.

Brand experience
CORE1Idea2Behavior3Communications4Touchpoints

Brand Experience (Davies)

Consistent experience from idea to touchpoint.

Rebranding
1
Past
2
Present
3
Future

Past, Present, Future

What you keep, what you leave, where you go.

Strategy
CORE1Customer2Product & service3Operations4Culture & people

Customer Centricity

The customer isn't a KPI — they are the organisation's centre.

Brand building
CLUSTER 1Functional valueEmotional valueCLUSTER 2Social valueSelf-expressionCLUSTER 3Societal value

How Brands Provide Value

Five kinds of value a brand creates.

Business
INFRASTRUCTURE · OFFER · CUSTOMERSCOSTREVENUE1
Key Partners
2
Key Activities
3
Key Resources
4
Value Proposition
5
Customer Relationships
6
Channels
7
Customer Segments
8
Cost Structure
9
Revenue Streams

Business Model Canvas

An entire business model on a single canvas.

Strategy
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Segment A
2
Segment B
3
Functional message
4
Emotional message

Messaging Matrix

Which message for whom — on a single sheet.

Comms
Big IdeaValue propositionBenefits (3)Reasons to believe (3)

Brand Messaging Framework

How to communicate brand value simply and clearly.

Strategy
01Purpose — why we exist02Vision — where we're going03Mission — who we serve04Difference — what we offer05Big Idea / Proposition06Shared values

Brand Strategy Summary

A one-page brand strategy — with depth.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Competitor
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Luxury
2
Economy
3
Unique & interesting
4
Average comms

Brand Mapping

Look for the empty space no one else has claimed yet.

Brand building
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Intrinsic appeal
2
Mass reach
3
Distinctiveness
4
Social diffusion

Elements of Brand Fame

Four conditions for a brand to become famous.

Funnels
1Brand building2Nudging3Connecting4Performance

Modified Funnel

An update of the classic funnel for the always-on era.

Strategy
ELIMINATE
Eliminate
REDUCE
Reduce
RAISE
Raise
CREATE
Create
A NEW VALUE CURVE

ERRC Grid

Eliminate, reduce, raise, create — the blue-ocean recipe.

Strategy
1
Winning aspiration
2
Where to play
3
How to win
4
Capabilities
5
Management systems

Strategy Choice Cascade

Five connected choices that make a strategy.

Strategy
1
Why?
2
Why?
3
Why?
4
Why?
5
Why? (root cause)

Five Whys

Ask why five times and you'll find the root cause.

Strategy
BARRIER 1Why does your prod…BARRIER 2How could a compet…BARRIER 3Who would miss you…BARRIER 4What if the opposi…BARRIER 5Who will take your…

Negative Framing

Questions from the dark side — they expose hidden truths.

Research
1
Find the problem
2
Choose strategy
3
Secondary research
4
Primary research
5
Synthesis & insight

Research Process Map

Five steps from question to usable insight.

Research
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Quantitative
2
Qualitative
3
Awareness / image / relationship
4
Perception / motivation / metaphor

Research Cheat Sheet

Which method to use when — on a single sheet.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Consumer
CORE1Brand core2Message target3Media target4Consumer pool

Target Groups — layers

Three audience layers: core, message, media.

Consumer
W
Who — the customer
W
What — product & portfolio
W
When — occasions
W
Where — purchase & use
W
Why / Why not — drivers & barriers

5Ws Framework

Five W questions to describe a customer.

Consumer
InsightNeedsOccasionsTarget consumer

Consumer Pyramid

From describing the customer to the insight — step by step.

Consumer
Name & age
Bio & background
GOALS
Goals
PAINS
Pain points
MOTIVATIONS
Motivations
INSIGHT
Key insight

Personas

Fictional characters that help you design with empathy.

Consumer
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Current belief
2
Desired belief
3
Current behavior
4
Desired behavior

Belief Map

To change behavior, change beliefs first.

Consumer
SELFOTHERSRELEASECONTROLEnjoymentVitalityPowerRecognitionBelongingSecurityConvivialityRelease

Censydiam Model

A human compass — 8 motivations on 2 axes.

Consumer
CLUSTER 1SecurityControlCLUSTER 2StatusIndividualityCLUSTER 3Freedom / Escape

4Cs — Cross-Cultural Consumer

Seven motivations, seven lifestyle stereotypes.

Consumer
Think & feelSay & doSeeHear

Empathy Map

Six fields, one customer — for deeper empathy.

Competitor
Internal rivalry
NEW ENTRANTS
Threat of new entrants
BUYERS
Bargaining power of buyers
SUBSTITUTES
Threat of substitutes
SUPPLIERS
Bargaining power of suppliers

Porter's Five Forces

Five forces shaping industry attractiveness.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Competitor
CORE1Category2Space3Arena4Context

Competitive Panorama

Competition often lives outside your category.

Competitor
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
High quality
2
Low quality
3
Low cost
4
High cost

Competitor Grid

Price × quality — who sits where.

Insight
1
Observation
2
Behavior & motivation
3
Reframe
4
Validate
5
Articulate

Insight Process

Insight doesn't start with data — it starts with observation.

Insight
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Consumer
2
Cultural
3
Brand / Product
4
Future / Trend

Insight Types

A typology of insights — from consumer to future.

Behavior
1
Cue
2
Routine
3
Reward

Habit Loop

Three components of every habit.

Behavior
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
High motivation
2
Easy to do
3
Low motivation
4
Hard to do

BJ Fogg's Behavior Model

Behavior = motivation × ability × trigger.

Behavior
1
Belief
2
Behavior
3
Rationalization

Cognitive Dissonance

The gap between what we know and what we do.

Behavior
1Drive motivation2Trigger action3Provide support4Prevent relapse5Showcase success

Behavior Change Funnel

Five roles for communications on the path to behavior change.

Comms
Context
Contact
Content

3C of Comms Planning

Right message, right place, right time.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Comms
1
Plan
2
Implement
3
Execute
4
Evaluate

Communication Cycle

Planning isn't a document — it's a loop.

Comms
Brand ideaActionsBarriersChannelsSuccess meas…Consumer tar…

Connections Framework

A one-pager blueprint for a comms project.

Comms
POSITIONING
Business
TO …
Business
BY …
Marketing
TO …
Marketing
BY …
Comms
TO …
Comms
BY …

To / By Model

If you can write 'to X by Y', you have a strategy.

Comms
POSITIONING
Get
who
Who
what problem they face
To
desired response
By
main proposition

Get / Who / To / By

The one-line essence of a creative brief.

Comms
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Long term — brand building
2
Existing customers
3
Short term — sales activation
4
New customers

The Long & Short of It

Brand building & sales activation — keep the 60:40 balance.

Culture
Category — differentiation
Culture — relevance
Company — credibility

Unique Cultural Problem (UCP)

The sweet spot between category, culture and credibility.

Culture
1
Map cultural orthodoxy
2
Identify social disruption
3
Find ideological opportunity
4
Craft cultural strategy

Cultural Strategy (Holt & Cameron)

Find disruption in culture — become its flag.

Content
Content
Context
Calendar

3C for Content Strategy

Even the best content at the wrong time is waste.

Content
1
Help me
2
Inspire me
3
Inform me

Customer Pillars for Content

Help, inspire, inform — three content roles.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Brand experience
OwnedEarnedPaidSocialPartnersProductService & careBrand idea

Brand Ecosystem

A brand as an interconnected touchpoint ecosystem.

Storytelling
TENSION ↑EXPOSITION
Exposition
RISING
Rising action
CLIMAX
Climax
FALLING
Falling action
RESOLUTION
Resolution

Freytag's Pyramid

The classic narrative arc in five acts.

Storytelling
01Goal — SMART business goal02Target audience03Problem04Insight05Single-minded proposition06Action — what should the audience do

6 Key Elements of a Creative Brief

Six fields that keep a brief short and strong.

Content
Fame builders — long termShort stories — mid termDistinctive cues — short term

Brand Building Framework

Brand-building content rules: fame, story, distinctive cues.

Brand building
1Line extension2Brand extension3Multi-brand4New brand

Brand architecture — 4 choices

Four strategies for expanding the brand portfolio.

Brand building
1Masterbrand2Sub-brand3Endorsed brand4Freestanding b…

Brand Architecture Spectrum

Spectrum of relationships between parent and child brand.

Insight
Innovations
Novelties
Drivers of change

Trend Hunting — Sweet Spot

A trend's sweet spot emerges from tension between three forces.

Insight
Future Cultural EdgeCultural EdgeDominant SubculturesMainstream

How to spot a trend

Trends travel from the cultural edge into the mainstream.

Insight
WisdomKnowledgeInformationData

Foresighting

From data to wisdom — the foresight pyramid.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Business
MARKET SHAREHighLowMARKET GROWTHStar?Question Mark$Cash CowPetLow

BCG Growth-Share Matrix

Portfolio priorities by growth and market share.

Behavior
BARRIER 1ApathyBARRIER 2ParalysisBARRIER 3Anxiety

Behaviour change barriers

Three barriers to break when changing behaviour.

Strategy
1
New needs
2
Product / service
3
Added value
4
Marketing assets

Marketing around new needs

How to plug a product into newly emerged needs.

Comms
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Advertising
2
Information
3
Feedback
4
Experience

Communication channels

Four channels that shape opinion of a brand.

Brand experience
HIGHLOW1
People's reality
2
Cross-department
3
System design
4
Decision making

Consumer Journeys

How to use customer journeys across the company.

Brand experience
HIGHLOW1
Doing
2
Thinking
3
Feeling
4
Devices & Relationships
5
Place / Time / Touchpoints

Experience Mapping

Map complex customer experience by building blocks.

Behavior
HIGHLOW1
Consistency
2
Attitudes
3
Purchasing
4
Habit

Joyce's Advertising Process

Buying shapes attitude as much as attitude shapes buying.

Comms
1
Brief / Task
2
Insight
3
Strategy
4
Ideas
5
Plan & Integrate

Media Strategy Process

Seven steps of planning and evaluating media strategy.

Culture
1
Map Cultural Orthodoxy
2
Identify Social Disruption
3
Find Ideological Opportunity
4
Craft Cultural Strategy

Cultural Strategy Framework (Crowd DNA)

Find and own the cultural gap in your category.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Storytelling
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Present
2
Vision (Future Success)
3
Threats (Future Failure)
4
Destiny / Action

Cultural Narrative

Structure a community's story through present, vision and threats.

Strategy
1
What's going on?
2
What's success?
3
What's the question?
4
Generate answers
5
Forge the solution

Hurson's Productive Thinking Model

Six steps of productive thinking — from understanding to action.

Consumer
1
Motivation
2
Unmet needs
3
Segmentation: To acquire
4
To bond
5
To learn
6
To defend
7
To feel

Consumer Analysis

Deep understanding of what people truly want.

Consumer
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
How might they discover you?
2
What experiences might they have?
3
What might they do considering you?
4
How might they purchase & advocate?

What do they Think, Do and Need?

Four questions about what the audience needs from the brand.

Storytelling
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Plot — Events
2
Characters & Relationships
3
Chronology ↔ Narrative
4
Central plot & Subplots

Plot Tool (Beemgee)

Story events as chronology or as narrative.

Content
1
Distinctive cues
2
Short stories — week
3
Short stories — month
4
Brand-building hits

Social Media — Brand Framework

Brand-building rules translated to social.

Brand building
WHATHOWWHY
Why — your purpose
How — your process
What — your products
start withWHY →

Golden Circle

Start with Why. People don't buy what you do, they buy why you do it.

Brand building
SENDER · externalRECEIVER · internalTANGIBLESOCIALINTANGIBLEPHYSIQUE
Physique — physical attributes
PERSONALITY
Personality
CULTURE
Culture — values
RELATIONSHIP
Relationship
REFLECTION
Reflection — customer image
SELF-IMAGE
Self-image

Kapferer Brand Identity Prism

Six facets of brand identity — external and internal.

Consumer
VALUE MAPPRODUCTS & SERVICES
Products & Services
GAIN CREATORS
Gain Creators
PAIN RELIEVERS
Pain Relievers
CUSTOMER PROFILEJOBS
Customer Jobs
GAINS
Gains
PAINS
Pains
PRODUCT–MARKET FITtvoříš hodnotuzákazník chce

Value Proposition Canvas

Aligns your offer with what the customer actually wants.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Strategy
PROBLEM SPACESOLUTION SPACEDISCOVER
Discover
DEFINE
Define
DEVELOP
Develop
DELIVER
Deliver
diverge → convergediverge → converge

Double Diamond

Diverge twice, converge twice — the diamond of design.

Strategy
SHAREDVALUESSTRATEGY
Strategy
STRUCTURE
Structure
SYSTEMS
Systems
STYLE
Style
STAFF
Staff
SKILLS
Skills

McKinsey 7S

Seven interconnected Ss — none can be changed alone.

Strategy
P
Product
P
Price
P
Place
P
Promotion

Marketing Mix 4P

Four marketing levers — product, price, place, promotion.

Strategy
P
Political
E
Economic
S
Social
T
Technological
L
Legal
E
Environmental
MACROforces

PESTLE Analysis

Six external forces shaping your market.

Comms
1
Reach
2
Act
3
Convert
4
Engage

RACE Planning

Four steps of the digital marketing funnel.

Strategy
1
Segmentation
2
Targeting
3
Positioning

STP — Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning

The classic three-step of marketing strategy.

Strategy
EXISTING PRODUCTNEW PRODUCTEXISTING MARKETNEW MARKETPENETRATION
Market Penetration
PRODUCT DEV.
Product Development
MARKET DEV.
Market Development
DIVERSIFICATION
Diversification
risk ↗

Ansoff Matrix

Four growth strategies by product × market.

Funnels
1Aware — reach further2Consider — keep nudging3Convert — make sales4Retain — repeat sales5Advocate — tell others

Marketing sales funnel

Five-stage funnel from awareness to advocacy.

Strategy
1
Understand the brief
2
Define the problem
3
Explore the category
4
Explore the brand
5
Explore the audience
6
Find the tension
7
Insight hypothesis
8
Strategic idea
9
Proposition
10
Role of comms
11
Proof & KPIs
12
Summarise strategy

12 steps to a strategy

APG checklist from brief to one-page strategy.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Strategy
1
Brief
2
Category & context
3
Consumer
4
Competition
5
Insight

Planning framework (Miami Ad School)

Linear process from brief to creative platform.

Content
01Consumer — what they care about02Category — where the brand plays

2C model

Intersection of audience interest and brand category.

Consumer
01Target customer02Need / problem03Our solution04Key benefit05Differentiation

Customer Value Proposition

Why a customer should choose you.

Consumer
LOW ← → HIGHLOW ← → HIGH1
Heavy + loyal
2
Heavy + switching
3
Light + loyal
4
Light + switching

Consumer split

Segment by frequency × loyalty.

Comms
1
Business goal
2
Comms objective
3
Audience
4
Message
5
Channels & touchpoints

Communication blueprint

One page that ties goal, message and channel together.

Comms
1
Brand truth
2
Cultural truth
3
Audience truth
4
Connection idea
5
Connection strategy

Connection strategy process

How to build a connection strategy from three truths.

Storytelling
1
Context
2
Problem / opportunity
3
Insight
4
Strategy
5
Big idea
6
Activation
7
Results & measurement
8
Next steps
9
Appendix

9-slide presentation

Short narrative arc for any strategy presentation.

Comms
BARRIER 1Actions — what we …BARRIER 2Behavior — what th…BARRIER 3Barrier — what blo…

Connection barriers

Actions + behavior = identified barrier.

Insight
#1Brand insight#2Category insight#3Consumer insight#4Cultural insight

Primary insight source

Where the insight comes from defines what it's for.

All 100+ frameworks in one PDF cheatsheet.
Brand building
1
Define consumer
2
Product features
3
Rational benefits
4
Emotional benefits

Derive propositions

Four steps from product to proposition.

About:

Agencies execute. Consultants advise. And then everyone wonders why the two never add up.

Clues does both. We look for the clues that point to the right path, and then we walk it with you all the way. Because strategy without execution is just a well-paid hypothesis.

We put this library together because we see structured thinking as the foundation of success. Whether you're working on your next campaign or building a brand-new brand.

Share it, use it, build on it. The Clues team.